Artificiële Intelligentie & Recht
Innovation, Technology & Law

Blog over Kunstmatige Intelligentie, Quantum, Deep Learning, Blockchain en Big Data Law

Blog over juridische, sociale, ethische en policy aspecten van Kunstmatige Intelligentie, Quantum Computing, Sensing & Communication, Augmented Reality en Robotica, Big Data Wetgeving en Machine Learning Regelgeving. Kennisartikelen inzake de EU AI Act, de Data Governance Act, cloud computing, algoritmes, privacy, virtual reality, blockchain, robotlaw, smart contracts, informatierecht, ICT contracten, online platforms, apps en tools. Europese regels, auteursrecht, chipsrecht, databankrechten en juridische diensten AI recht.

Berichten met de tag governance
World Economic Forum Quantum Computing Ethics & Governance Principles
World Economic Forum Quantum Computing Ethics & Governance Principles

During 2021, Mauritz Kop helped design the World Economic Forum Quantum Governance Principles. In January 2022, the World Economic Forum released its accompanying Quantum Computing Governance Principles Insight Report. The report and principles were developed as part of a co-design process over the course of 2021 with a diverse set of global quantum stakeholders from industry, academia and government.

Governance Principles for the Responsible Design and Adoption of Quantum Computing

In 2022, our multidisciplinary WEF expert group published the first set of governance principles for the responsible design and adoption of quantum computing technology. A global multi stakeholder initiative to create an ethical framework enabling the responsible design and adoption of quantum computing. Quantum computing, though at its early stages, will help provide very significant advances in our computing capabilities and will have a considerable impact on improving the state of the world in the coming years. It could have a revolutionary impact on human well-being, national security, and global society, along with potential commercial applications across industries.

The Quantum Computing Ethics project is part of the World Economic Forum’s Shaping the Future of Technology Governance: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Platform.

10 Guiding Principles for Quantum Computing published at Yale

The Principles build in part on the prior 10 Guiding Principles for Quantum Computing published March 30, 2021 in the Yale Journal of Law & Technology in my article titled: Establishing a Legal-Ethical Framework for Quantum Technology.

There, I argue that the unique physical characteristics of quantum mechanics demand universal guiding principles of responsible, human-centered quantum technology. To this end, the article proposes ten guiding principles for the development and application of quantum technology. These ground rules aim to put controls in place and integrate our common democratic norms, standards and values into the design of our future hi-tech systems as much as possible

Law and ethics frequently interrelate. Ethical standards for quantum should however be a supplementation to legal measures, and not a replacement. Ethics alone can never be enough when regulating high-risk technologies like dual use quantum tech and quantum artificial intelligence. To make sure all groups of society benefit from quantum and AI we have to put controls and guardrails in place that address identified risks and incentivise sustainable innovation.

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Quantum ComputingMauritz Kopquantum computing, world economic forum (WEF), ethics, governance, Guiding Principles, Mauritz Kop
Ethics in the Quantum Age
Ethics in the Quantum Age

Honored to write about Ethics in the Quantum Age in the Physics World Special on Quantum 2.0, and to be given the chance to outline an ethical framework for quantum technologies, which includes a definition of quantum-ethics.

Mauritz Kop, Why we need to consider the ethical implications of quantum technologies, Physics World, IOP Publishing, (December 1, 2021)

Physics World Special on Quantum 2.0

Physics World is the magazine of the UK-based Institute of Physics (IOP), one of the largest physical societies in the world.

Link to the article: https://physicsworld.com/a/why-we-need-to-consider-the-ethical-implications-of-quantum-technologies/

Download the Ethics in the Quantum Age article here.

We need to build bridges of mutual understanding between disciplines – a move that will involve learning to speak each other’s language, which is easier said than done. Therefore, it is a promising sign that the quantum community reaches out to lawyers, philosophers, and ethicists to explain them the importance of ethics and the societal impact of quantum technologies in their own technical journal.

Making Quantum Technologies Ethical

Please find a short introduction below:

Over the past decades, research into quantum technologies has come to the stage where the science is rapidly being translated into real-world applications be it quantum computers, materials and communications systems. These advancements are witnessed by the considerable number of quantum start-ups that have emerged in recent years. Yet before these innovations can be diffused, we must ensure that ethical, legal and social implications are sufficiently addressed. Against this backdrop, attention is now turning to interdisciplinary efforts to identify the dilemma’s ingrained in making quantum technologies ethical.

A Multi-layered Ethical Framework for Quantum Technologies

The article proposes a multi-layered ethical framework for quantum technologies, including a definition of quantum ethics. At one level, we employ the old, familiar “normative” ethics that apply to all transformative technologies and to information. In addition, the counterintuitive phenomena that underpin quantum physics – such as superposition, entanglement and tunnelling – require a tailored, applied ethics approach. In other words, due to the unique characteristics of quantum technologies – such as the unprecedented capabilities of quantum sensors, the features of quantum networks, and the probabilistic nature of quantum computing – we also develop a new subtype of context-specific practical ethics. In this way we constitute our theory in well-established ethical traditions while at the same time providing tailor-made solutions.

Definition of Quantum Ethics

One possible definition of quantum ethics could be: “Quantum ethics calls for humans to act virtuously, abiding by the standards of ethical practice and conduct set by the quantum community, and to make sure these actions have desirable consequences, with the latter being higher in rank in case it conflicts with the former.”

More quantum research at Stanford Law School here.

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Quantum Technology, EthicsMauritz Kopquantum, ethics, law, policy, governance, regulation, IOP Publishing, Physics World
Mauritz Kop speaks at Center for Quantum Networks Conference
Mauritz Kop speaks at Center for Quantum Networks Conference

Mauritz Kop will be speaking about Legal & Ethical Guidelines for Quantum Technology on Saturday Nov. 20 at 9:15-10:15 a.m. Phoenix, Arizona time (GMT-7) as part of the Quantum Technologies, Law, and Public Policy: A Global Perspective Conference. This two-day online event is hosted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored Center for Quantum Networks at the University of Arizona, and the University of Denver Sturm College of Law. Speakers include a cross-disciplinary line-up of quantum & law scholars from UC Berkeley School of Law, University of Toronto Faculty of Law, the University of Arizona, Sabanci University, Loyola Law School, Lund University, and Stanford Law School.

Quantum Technologies, Law, and Public Policy: A Global Perspective

You can find the conference’s agenda and registration here: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mauritzkop_quantum-technologies-law-and-public-policy-activity-6863066359228583936-peu9/

Besides explaining quantum physics and discussing regulation, the focus of our Quantum Technologies, Law, and Public Policy: A Global Perspective Conference lies also on developing countries and their challenge with the future of quantum technologies. This is arguably the first comprehensive conference on quantum technology and the law in the U.S..

The Quantum Internet

The Center for Quantum Networks (CQN) is taking on one of the great engineering challenges of the 21st century: to lay the technical and social foundations of the quantum internet. The Quantum Internet will surpass the capabilities of today’s internet because of the unique advantages of entanglement—a coordination of the quantum states of particles serving as computational bits that is not present in the realms of classical physics. https://cqn-erc.arizona.edu/

Legal & Ethical Guidelines for Quantum Technology

The main takeaways of my Legal & Ethical Guidelines for Quantum Technology presentation are:

1. The quantum community should establish a practical code of quantum ethics to make the application of quantum technologies equitable and safe.

2. The world needs a risk-based legal-ethical framework for quantum technologies that mitigates risks and maximizes opportunities, the burdens and gains of which should be equally distributed across members of society.

3. Since technology is never neutral, we should embed democratic values and human rights principles into the architecture and infrastructure of our quantum systems, of course without rendering them useless.

4. We should develop quantum technology impact assessments in the form of codes of conduct, best practices and moral guides that are implemented by inclusive, diverse multidisciplinary teams, and utilize these tools to raise quantum awareness and trust, promote ethical quantum by design, and even proactively ensure regulatory compliance and legal conformity, which includes standardization and certification.

After registering for the conference you will receive the Zoom link that gives access to the event.

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Quantum TechnologyMauritz Kopquantum, law, ethics, governance, policy
Quantum ELSPI: Ethical, Legal, Social and Policy Implications of Quantum Technology
Quantum ELSPI: Ethical, Legal, Social and Policy Implications of Quantum Technology

Call for Papers Quantum ELSPI

Delighted to announce that the Quantum ELSPI call for papers is now open! AIRecht Director & Stanford Law School TTLF Fellow Mauritz Kop has the honor to guest-edit a Topical Collection for Digital Society, a new journal edited by Luciano Floridi (Oxford Internet Institute). This project is a Stanford/Oxford collaboration that aims to explore uncharted territories of Ethical, Legal, Social and Policy Implications of Quantum Technology. Articles should be submitted before 15 February 2022 and will be double blind peer reviewed. Accepted articles will be published by Springer Nature.

You can find the Quantum ELSPI collection page here: https://link.springer.com/collections/eiebhdhagd.

Download the Springer Nature Quantum-ELSPI Call for Papers here: TC_Quantum ELSPI_Call for papers

ELSPI stratagems for quantum technology

Anticipating spectacular advancements in real-world quantum driven products and services, the time is ripe for governments, academia and the market to prepare regulatory and business strategies that balance their societal impact. This topical collection seeks to provide informed suggestions on how to maximize benefits and mitigate risks of applied quantum technology. It intends to deliver insights and actionable recommendations on how and when to address identified opportunities and challenges, which can then be refined into plausible, evidence-based policy decisions by stakeholders across the world.

Special edition of Digital Society

In this special edition of Digital Society, we aim for scholars to reflect on the multifaceted questions associated with Quantum ELSPI. In addition to learning from history and connecting quantum to other big picture trends, quantum should be treated as something completely unique and unprecedented. We especially welcome cross-disciplinary contributions that look beyond research silos and integrate law, economic theory, ethics, sociology, philosophy of science, quantum information science, and sustainable innovation policy, and that consider how to improve ELSPI stratagems for quantum technology. We encourage authors to be pioneers in this complex, and at times counterintuitive field.

Multifaceted questions associated with Quantum ELSPI

Questions and topics that could be addressed by contributions in the topical collection are not restricted to, but could include the following:

-Potential strategies for industries facing disruption such as the cybersecurity industry and financial institutions. What role could antitrust law, intellectual property, prizes, fines, funding, taxes, lifelong learning and labor mobility play while incentivizing innovation?

-How should dual use applications be managed? How do we balance freedom with control? What role could a Quantum Treaty play to make our world a safer place?

-The creation of a list of quantum-specific themes, goals, benefits and risks that need to be addressed by universal, overarching principles of responsible quantum design and application, including a definition of hi-risk quantum-systems.

-How can policy makers learn from history and adjacent fields - such as AI, biotechnology, nanotechnology, semiconductors and nuclear - when regulating exponential innovation and ensuring equal access to quantum computing, sensing and the quantum internet? How can winner take all effects and a quantum divide be prevented? To what extent does governing digitization driven by classical computing paradigms (binary digits) differ from governing quantum computing (qubits)?

-It is not inconceivable that the development and uptake of transnational quantum principles will run along the lines of democratic and authoritarian tech governance models. Against that background, how can we embed cultural norms, liberal values, democratic principles, human rights and fundamental freedoms in globally accepted interoperability standards?

-How can we implement ethically aligned design into our quantum systems architecture and infrastructure? How can quantum technology impact assessments help achieve these goals?

Guest-Editor Quantum ELSPI: Mauritz Kop (Stanford Law School, Stanford University)

Editor-in-Chief Digital Society: Luciano Floridi (Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University)

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Ethics, Law of AI, University, Stanford, Quantum ELSPI, OxfordMauritz KopOxford Internet InstituteQuantum ELSPI, Ethics, Law, Sociology, philosophy of science, economic theory, quantum information science, sustainable innovation policy, Intellectual Property Law, Digital Society, Topical Collection, Luciano Floridi, Mauritz Kop, Oxford Internet Institute, Stanford Law School, Springer Nature, Oxford University, AI, biotechnology, nanotechnology, semiconductors, nuclear, quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum networks, governance, regulation, Quantum Technology
Data delen als voorwaarde voor een succesvol AI-ecosysteem
Data delen als voorwaarde voor een succesvol AI-ecosysteem

Trainingsdatasets voor kunstmatige intelligentie: enkele juridische aspecten

Data delen (data sharing) of liever het vermogen om hoge kwaliteit trainingsdatasets te kunnen analyseren om een AI model -zoals een generative adversarial network- te trainen, is een voorwaarde voor een succesvol AI-ecosysteem in Nederland.

In ons turbulente technologische tijdperk nemen fysieke aanknopingspunten als papier of tastbare producten binnen de context van data -of informatie- in belang af. Informatie is niet langer aan een continent, staat of plaats gebonden. Informatietechnologie zoals kunstmatige intelligentie ontwikkelt zich in een dermate hoog tempo, dat de juridische problemen die daaruit voortvloeien in belangrijke mate onvoorspelbaar zijn. Hierdoor ontstaan -kort gezegd- problemen voor tech startups en scaleups.

In dit artikel een serie -mede in onderlinge samenhang te beschouwen aanbevelingen, suggesties en inventieve oplossingen om anno 2020 tot waardevolle nationale en Europese dataketens te komen.

Data donor codicil

Introductie van een Europees (of nationaal) data donor codicil waarmee een patiënt of consument vrijwillig data kan doneren aan de overheid en/of het bedrijfsleven, AVG-proof. Hier kunnen waardeketens worden gecreëerd door de sensor data van medische Internet of Things (IoT) apparaten en smart wearables van overheidswege te accumuleren. Anoniem of met biomarkers.

Data interoperabel en gestandaardiseerd

Unificatie van data uitwisselingsmodellen zodat deze interoperabel en gestandaardiseerd worden in het IoT. Een voorbeeld is een Europees EPD (Elektronisch Patiënten Dossier), i.e een Electronic Healthcare Record (EMR). AI certificering en standaardisatie (zoals ISO, ANSI, IEEE / IEC) dient bij voorkeur niet te worden uitgevoerd door private partijen met commerciële doelstellingen, maar door onafhankelijke openbare instanties (vergelijk het Amerikaanse FDA).

Machine generated (non) personal data

Een andere categorisering die we kunnen maken is enerzijds publieke (in handen van de overheid) machine generated (non) personal data, en private machine generated (non) personal data. Met machine generated data bedoelen we met name informatie en gegevens die continue door edge devices worden gegenereerd in het Internet of Things (IoT). Deze edge devices staan via edge (of fod) nodes (zenders) in verbinding met datacenters die samen met edge servers de cloud vormen. Deze architectuur noemen we ook wel edge computing.

Juridische dimensie

Data, of informatie heeft een groot aantal juridische dimensies. Aan data delen kleven potentieel intellectueel eigendomsrechtelijke (verbodsrecht en vergoedingsrecht), ethische, grondrechtelijke (privacy, vrijheid van meningsuiting), contractenrechtelijke en internationaal handelsrechtelijke aspecten. Juridisch eigendom op data bestaat anno 2020 niet omdat het -vanuit goederenrechtelijk oogpunt- niet als zaak wordt gekwalificeerd. Data heeft wel vermogensrechtelijke aspecten.

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Artificiële Intelligentie, AVG / GDPR, Big data, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Ethiek, Europees recht, Healthcare, Intellectueel Eigendom, Kunstmatige Intelligentie, Juridisch Advies, Levensmiddelenrecht, Policy, Privacywetgeving, Recht, Tech Startups, Data delenMauritz KopAIRechtData delen, Trainingsdata, kunstmatige intelligentie, privacy, ethiek, recht, intellectueel eigendom, artificiele intelligentie, Internet of Things, publiek domein, FRAND, GDPR, clearance, databankenrecht, TDM-exceptie, algoritmes, AI-systeem, innovatie, arbeidsrecht, Harvard, Silicon Valley, Europa, Nederland, AI-ecosysteem, Health, Entertainment, AgriFood, coderen, Human Capital, blockchain, quantum computing, governance, regulation, big data, CAHAI, samenwerking, data sharing, competitie, winnaarsmentaliteit, succes, Support Centre for Data Sharing, European Data Portal, Free flow of non-personal data, mixed datasets, cyberspace, data commons