2nd Annual Stanford Responsible Quantum Technology Conference: Summary of Core Themes and Selected Highlights
The 2nd annual Stanford Responsible Quantum Technology Conference convened by the Stanford Center for Responsible Quantum Technology and expertly orchestrated by its Executive Director Mauritz Kop, provided a broad overview of the latest developments in quantum technology, with a focus on quantum simulation. It brought together a diverse and interdisciplinary group of experts from the US and Europe – united in their interest in responsible development and use of second-generation quantum technologies – to discuss innovations, challenges, and future directions in this emerging space. The conference included both in-depth presentations and far-ranging panel discussions, with artistic and musical performances interspersed as alternative spaces of approximation and exploration.
Constanze Albrecht
The following write-up by Constanze Albrecht does not aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the wealth of perspectives and insights shared at the conference. Instead, it introduces some of the conference’s core themes by summarizing some of the anchor presentations and is intended as an invitation to readers to dive deeper into the conference materials and videos posted online.
Mauritz Kop, Founding Director of the Stanford Center for RQT provides Conference Opening Remarks.
Technological Advancements and Market Dynamics
One of the standout presentations was “Project Quantum Leap: Quantum Computing Innovation—Patenting Trends Innovation & Policy Implications” by Mateo Aboy. This presentation offered an in-depth empirical study of the intellectual property landscape in quantum computing. He emphasized the necessity of evidence-based IP studies to inform policy and innovation governance in this rapidly evolving field. Aboy revealed significant growth in quantum computing patents over the past two decades, particularly noting an uptick since 2014, with patents mainly focuses on physical realizations, quantum circuits, error correction, and quantum algorithms. This surge reflects the increased involvement of diverse entities, including universities, startups, and established corporations.
Prof. Mateo Aboy’s presentation offered an in-depth empirical study of the intellectual property landscape in quantum computing.
The presentation further highlighted the critical role of international harmonization in patent laws and the importance of public disclosures in advancing technology. Mateo Aboy also explored the state-of-the-art applications of quantum computing in healthcare, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize both fundamental and clinical research despite being in its early stages. He concluded with a call for a balanced regulatory approach that promotes technological advancement while safeguarding against potential risks, underscoring the need for proactive policy measures.
Prof. Mark Brongersma presented cutting-edge research at the intersection of materials science and quantum technology.
In this context, a fascinating panel discussion moderated by Hank Greely offered a deep dive into the applications and use cases of quantum technology in the health and life sciences. Mateo Aboy, Glenn Cohen, Timo Minssen and Victoria Ward examined the transformative potential of quantum computing, sensing, and simulation in enhancing diagnostic tools, personalizing treatment plans, and accelerating drug discovery processes. The discussions also addressed market dynamics, highlighting the competitive landscape and the strategic positioning of key players in the quantum technology market. The panelists underscored the importance of fostering a robust innovation ecosystem that supports the growth of startups and encourages collaboration between academia, industry, and government bodies.
Providing insight into the technical aspects of quantum technology innovation, Mark Brongersma, Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University, presented cutting-edge research at the intersection of materials science and quantum technology. His presentation focused on developing and analyzing nanostructured materials for nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. Key research topics included nanophotonics, which enhances light manipulation at the subwavelength scale, and microcavity resonators, which confine light to boost light-matter interactions. This pioneering work paves the way for future innovations that could revolutionize current sensing and simulation technologies.
Constanze Albrecht and Urs Gasser presented their Stanford RQT project “Building Global Capacity for Responsible Quantum Technologies”.
In a panel featuring Paula Cipierre, Dr. Charina Chou, Kevin Michael Gibney, Dr. Florian Neukart, and Dr. Sam Stanwyck, the discussion concentrated on both the current limitations and the promising future potential of quantum computing. The panelists noted that, to date, no quantum computer has outperformed a supercomputer in practical applications. However, promising use cases such as Quantum Technology (QT) as a service illustrate how integrating QT with traditional computing could significantly enhance capabilities in the near future. Presenting an innovative approach to enabling Responsible Quantum Technology (RQT) development, Gibney introduced the Daiki Platform. This platform offers AI and QT governance tools, including an electronic Quality Management System (eQMS) and guidelines to promote the responsible use of technology. The panel also explored the risks associated with QT, acknowledging known risks in its early-stage development, including security and encryption issues. However, they also highlighted numerous unknown unknowns linked to improper resource allocation, which could lead to significant near and long-term impacts.
In their aspirations for the future, the panelists called for a balanced approach, advocating for the right level of government involvement without stifling innovation. They highlighted the necessity of consistent, long-term investment, acknowledging that benefits and profits are unpredictable. Coordination and early dialogue between industry and government were deemed essential, aiming for regulations that are as open as possible but as close as necessary. The panelists also stressed the importance of international collaboration, encouraging the exchange of talents, tools, and ideas, and fostering governmental partnerships to incentivize innovation.
Towards Responsible Quantum Innovation
The theme of responsible quantum innovation was prominently featured at the conference, with Timo Minssen, Director of the International Collaborative Bioscience Innovation & Law Program (Inter-CeBIL), showcasing efforts to address the legal and regulatory challenges in health and life science innovation. Established in 2018 and funded by significant grants, Inter-CeBIL collaborates with prestigious institutions such as Copenhagen, Cambridge, and Harvard universities. The program has produced over 250 publications and is actively engaged with global organizations like WHO, WIPO, and the FDA. Their mission focuses on facilitating the translation of cutting-edge research into viable products and therapies, ensuring adequate protection of emerging technologies, and contributing to a sustainable health innovation system. Key areas of research include quantum technologies, AI in healthcare, pandemic preparedness, and antimicrobial resistance.
Timo Minssen, Director of the International Collaborative Bioscience Innovation & Law Program (Inter-CeBIL, co-sponsor of the STanford RQT 2.0 Conference)), showcasing efforts to address the legal and regulatory challenges in health and life science innovation.
Urs Gasser and Eline De Jong presented their Nature Physics article “A Call for Responsible Quantum Technology,” co-authored with Mauritz Kop. They emphasized the need for ethical, legal, and social guardrails to guide the development and application of quantum technology. As quantum technology progresses, its potential to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, climate science, and secure communication becomes apparent, yet it also poses significant risks, including threats to privacy and cybersecurity. The authors advocate for a proactive approach in establishing a responsible research and innovation framework, drawing from past experiences with AI and biotechnology. They stressed the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and other stakeholders to anticipate and manage the societal impacts of quantum technology, ensuring it benefits humanity while mitigating its inherent risks.
Based on the Nature Physics call, Eline De Jong’s subsequent presentation focused on the Safeguarding-Engaging-Advancing (SEA) framework for responsible innovation, addressing three philosophical challenges: defining risks, engaging society, and deciding on the right impact. She emphasized the need to recognize the constructed nature of risks, the importance of technological understanding for societal engagement, and the role of ethicists in ensuring that the innovation process is inclusive of diverse values. Through her research, De Jong aims to foster informed debates and make quantum technology innovation responsive to different societal visions.
Dr. Min-Ha Lee presenting his Stanford RQT project titled the “Quantum Criticality Index”.
Another highlight was the presentation “Building Global Capacity for Responsible Quantum Technologies” by Constanze Albrecht and Urs Gasser. They discussed the RQT Fellowship Project’s exploratory roundtable in Bangkok, which convened local and international experts to address QT policies, developments, and emerging uses. The presentation outlined Thailand’s national roadmap for QT, forecasting significant growth and highlighting key initiatives in areas such as traffic prediction, farming, and healthcare. Core issues included addressing access and affordability, ethical concerns, and the skills gap through multi-stakeholder workshops and international collaborations. Challenges such as underfunding, lack of expertise, and fragmented governance were acknowledged, with recommendations for enhanced educational programs, long-term investments, and agile governance frameworks to foster QT innovation and application.
The Role of Governance, Regulation, and Law
The conference also focused on the governance, regulation, and legal aspects of quantum technology, underscoring the need for comprehensive frameworks to manage the complexities of this emerging field – a topic that will be addressed in a forthcoming handbook edited by Center Fellow Elija Perrier.
Alexandra Waldherr, Glenn Cohen and Mauritz Kop discussed the necessity of a regulatory framework akin to the FDA for quantum technology.
Min-Ha Lee’s presentation on the “Quantum Criticality Index” discussed the vulnerabilities in supply chains critical to quantum technology. Lee introduced the Quantum Criticality Index (QCI) as a methodology for assessing and managing risks associated with these supply chains. By analyzing indicators like political stability, production growth, and import dependency for critical raw materials, the QCI aims to identify and mitigate potential choke points and vulnerabilities. The findings stressed the need for complementary investments from both public and private sectors to strengthen quantum technology leadership and secure economic and national security.
Lindsay Rand’s presentation titled “Quantum Sensing and Nuclear Deterrence” explored the implications of quantum technologies on nuclear deterrence strategies. She discussed the potential of quantum computing, communication, and sensing to enhance various aspects of nuclear deterrence, such as decryption systems, optimization of command and control, security, and precision in missile navigation. Rand critically examined the role of quantum sensing in submarine detection and missile accuracy, discussing its potential to improve precision strikes and tracking capabilities. However, she noted that significant experimental and operational challenges remain before these technologies can achieve their full potential in strategic applications. The research underscored that the transition from technology to capability is complex, with quantum sensing expected to evolve gradually rather than cause rapid disruption.
Quantinuum’s Ryan McKenney highlighted the company’s advancements in quantum computing, including real-time error-corrected qubits and achieving a record quantum volume.
Ryan McKenney’s presentation from Quantinuum highlighted the company’s advancements in quantum computing, including real-time error-corrected qubits and achieving a record quantum volume. McKenney emphasized the importance of an integrated approach that combines hardware, software, and cybersecurity to accelerate industry growth and create value. He discussed the need for government support, such as the National Quantum Initiative Act, to address the high costs of quantum computing and maintain US leadership in this field. McKenney stressed the importance of strategic investments, fostering industry partnerships, enabling use case driven regulation and implementing tailored export controls to ensure economic and national security.
Following this talk, Alexandra Waldherr, Glenn Cohen and Mauritz Kop discussed the necessity of a regulatory framework akin to the FDA for quantum technology. They addressed both first-generation (hardware) and second-generation (software) aspects, emphasizing the need for technological soundness, reproducibility, legal guidelines, and educational resources. Drawing parallels from biosciences and gene technology, they underscored the ethical, legal, societal, and policy implications (ELSPI) of quantum technologies. The proposal advocated for mandatory registration, international collaboration, and the establishment of a Quantum FDA (FQA) to coordinate, audit, and monitor quantum tech developments. The framework includes ten guiding principles, such as ensuring information security, anticipating dual-use, fostering international collaboration, and promoting education and dialogue among stakeholders.
The Conference featured musical interludes, quantum physics demonstrations, and live audivisual quantum meets fractal geometric art installations.
Tyrone Pater, Senior Advisor for Innovation, Technology, and Science at the Netherlands Consulate General, highlighted the initial approaches towards international collaboration by providing insights into the Netherlands’ innovation network. He focused on the importance of collaboration with the US and enhancing the long-term competitiveness of the Dutch economy in a global context, emphasizing strategic partnerships. Dr. Gustav Kalbe added a European perspective, shedding light on both the risks and potentials of Europe’s initiatives to establish markets for Quantum Technology in areas such as healthcare, AI, and communications.
Stanford Law School’s Prof. Mark Lemley moderates the concluding panel on national security and quantum geopolitics.
The concluding panel, moderated by Stanford Program in Law, Science and Technology (LST) Director Professor Mark Lemley, built upon the previously discussed quantum governance issues and situated them in the context of pressing national security concerns and evolving geopolitical dynamics. Panelists Greg Berkin, Vivek Chilukuri, Eran Kahana, Marie-Elisabeth Paté-Cornell, and Sujai Shivakumar explored the transformative potential of quantum technologies and their implications for global power structures from academic, industry, and government perspectives. The discussion addressed the challenges of risk assessment and regulation of these advancements, with a deep dive into supply chain issues, amidst the rapid pace of innovation and the strategic interests of different nations. The panel also touched upon the need for standardization, international cooperation and robust governance frameworks to navigate the complexities of quantum technology in a manner that enhances global security and stability.
A Unique Feature: Innovative Methods of Exploration
A unique and engaging aspect of the conference was the integration of arts with quantum technology. Live quantum physics experiments and art-inspired science, such as fractal geometric art, showcased the intersection of creativity and scientific innovation. These sessions – featuring performances by Kevin Song, Karolyn Cheng, Daniel Changxiao Sun, Jin-Hee Catherine Lee, Katie Liu, and Mauritz Kop – highlighted how artistic perspectives can inspire scientific inquiry and innovation, providing a broader cultural context for quantum technology. Discussions on spatial computing and the convergence of AI and quantum technology further demonstrated the multifaceted impact of quantum advancements on various fields. These cross-cutting themes underscored the importance of a holistic approach to quantum technology, blending technical excellence with creative exploration and ethical considerations.
The Conference featured selected students from Departments and Schools accross Stanford University.
The 2nd annual Stanford Responsible Quantum Technology Conference, May 20, 2024
Conclusion
A rich set of presentations and panel discussions at the RQT 2.0 Conference accentuated the rapid advancements in quantum technology and the critical need for responsible innovation and comprehensive quantum governance frameworks. The interdisciplinary and international collaborations presented at the conference highlighted the collective efforts required to navigate the complex landscape of quantum technology and its implications for the future. By fostering dialogue among diverse stakeholders, the conference aimed to ensure that quantum technology development is both innovative and socially responsible, paving the way for a future where quantum advancements benefit humanity and the planet as a whole.
For the summary and videos of the first RQT Conference in 2023, see: https://airecht.nl/blog/2023/stanford-responsible-quantum-technology-conference-2023